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Sometimes, when a volcano erupts, not only ash and lava rise into the air, but also fine threads of glass—they're called "Pele's hair." They're light, sharp, golden, and can stretch for tens of centimeters. This is natural volcanic fiberglass, formed right in the air. Google it—it's beautiful!

In this episode, geologist Alexander Spiridonov and I discuss how minerals form, why crystals are always symmetrical, how minerals differ from stones, and why diamonds are considered perfect. What makes some rocks especially beautiful, and can a universal formula for beauty be found in minerals?

We discuss caves and basalt columns, the structure of snowflakes, macro photography of crystals, and how geology is closer to biology than we think.

We explore what rare earth metals are, why we drink minerals, and whether it's true that a bottle of mineral water smells of sulfur. What our bodies are made of minerals—and why we couldn't live without them.

And finally, where does oil come from? Did it really form from dinosaurs? Is it possible to accidentally find a deposit in your dacha?

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0:00 - Why does Caucasian mineral water smell like that?
1:15 - Support us with a like!
1:28 - Oil from dinosaurs?
3:10 - How many years did it take for oil to form? Rock study methods
7:50 - What does geology do?
9:10 - The old name for geology
9:40 - What is studied first in geology?
10:01 - Key points in the formation of the Earth
15:54 - What is located near Moscow?
17:55 - Diamond Mining
18:28 - Where Do Paving Stones Come From?
20:14 - What Are Minerals? How Are They Different from Stones?
23:06 - How Is a Crystal Structured?
24:47 - What Determines a Crystal's Structure?
25:27 - How Are the Formulas of Substances Formed?
27:09 - What Makes Minerals Beautiful?
28:09 - Is a Diamond Perfect?
29:50 - Are Diamonds and Graphite the Same Thing?
31:43 - What Has Nature Taken from Minerals?
35:20 - Rare Earth Metals
37:52 - Giant's Causeway. Why Does Nature Create Symmetry?
41:32 - Is Symmetry Rare in Nature?
42:02 - How Do Stone Arches Form on Coasts?
43:34 - Why dig superdeep wells?
46:02 - How much does superdeep drilling cost?
50:27 - What kind of rock is in the deepest well?
51:13 - Rock - like a spring
52:16 - Drilling to the mantle
54:27 - Can you find oil at your dacha?
55:19 - Where to look for oil?
56:33 - The most expensive minerals
58:34 - Are green technologies better?
1:00:00 - Harm from batteries
1:01:25 - Recycling issues
1:02:55 - Are space rocks different from Earth rocks?
1:04:13 - How does zero gravity affect minerals?
1:05:13 - Which planet is of interest to a geologist?
1:07:30 - Tectonics and Permafrost
1:09:39 - Mineral Water and Its Properties
1:14:18 - Pele's Hair
1:16:56 - Thanks for watching!

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