Jean-Jacques Rousseau occupies a very particular place in the Enlightenment due to the simultaneously hypermodern nature of his work—he was one of the fathers of the French Revolution—and anti-modern, as he became one of the great inspirers of Romanticism. Alexis de Tocqueville, on the other hand, belongs to the 19th century; he defended representative democracy, while Rousseau was a proponent of direct democracy, but both are great theorists of modern democracy.

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