Professor Hieronim Grala tells the story of Russian Warsaw in the first half of the 19th century – from the founding of the Kingdom of Poland to the period preceding the January Uprising. The starting point is the Russian presence in the city, later so powerfully inscribed in Polish literature, painting, and historical memory.
However, this was not, from the outset, a story of simple occupation. Grala recalls that the Kingdom of Poland retained its own constitution, army, parliament, coinage, education system, and official language, and that Tsar Alexander I consciously sought the support of Polish elites for a time. At the same time, Russian Guard units were stationed in Warsaw, their presence leaving a lasting mark on the cityscape.
The episode also features the figure of Grand Duke Constantine – commander of the Polish army, brother of the Tsar, and one of the most ambiguous figures of the era. It is through his role that we best illustrate the complex relationship between the Kingdom's formal autonomy and the actual presence of Russian authority in Warsaw.

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00:00 Introduction
1:30 Muscovites in Warsaw
7:18 New Order in Europe and the Holy Alliance
13:39 How Was the Kingdom of Poland Perceived by Russian Rulers? Autonomy and Sovereignty
19:09 Remnants of the Russian Guard and Konstanty Pawłowicz
30:51 The Royal Constitution of Poland Was Unique in the Russian Empire
35:05 Development of Warsaw and Industry, Drucki-Lubecki
42:19 The outbreak of the November Uprising surprised the Kingdom's elites. Changing Reality
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