Michel Onfray - Théorie de Jésus : biographie d'une idée

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The Historical Existence of Jesus: A Matter of Faith or Science?

Michel Onfray presents his book "Theory of Jesus: Biography of an Idea," published by Bouquins. A discussion with Brother Joël Boudaroua, moderated by Jean-Claude Raspiengeas.

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Michel Onfray, who considers himself a "mythologist" on this subject, presents his thesis that Jesus did not have a historical existence, but rather a conceptual one. The author clarifies that this idea is not an obsession, but the culmination of philosophical reflection begun more than 20 years ago. He asserts that the story of Jesus is a fable and a myth, fabricated to compensate for human imperfections. To support his argument, he relies on the fact that there is no historical or archaeological evidence of Jesus' existence. The writings of Livy, Suetonius, and Flavius ​​Josephus, often cited, do not mention Jesus as an individual, but rather Christianity. Furthermore, Michel Onfray explains that the original texts are not contemporary with Jesus' time and that they were added to or modified by monks over time.

For the author, the Gospels are ongoing "forgeries" and "collages," where allegorical and symbolic elements were added to construct a coherent narrative. He gives as examples the nativity story (the donkey and the ox, the Magi symbolizing the three races of humanity), miracles (the multiplication of the loaves), the events of the Passion (the crucifixion, the resurrection), and the Shroud of Turin, which, according to some analyses, is a medieval creation.

Brother Joël Boudaroua acknowledges the legitimacy of the question raised by Michel Onfray, which has, moreover, been explored by numerous theologians, historians, and New Testament scholars. He opposes the thesis of non-existence, asserting that no historian today questions the existence of a "Jew named Jesus." He concedes that we know very little about him, but that the contradictions or "gaps" in the Gospels are not proof of fiction, but rather evidence of the texts' authenticity. For Brother Boudaroua, if the Bible is a composite document, it is because the authors did not have access to the individual, but rather to reliable sources and the testimonies of living memory. He specifies that the Gospels are not journalistic reports, but rather written material rooted in an oral tradition.

Michel Onfray retorts that Brother Joël is "skillful" and that his argument will only convince those already convinced, because he is "judge and jury" in this debate as a believer. The debate then turns to the question of faith, grace, and damnation. Michel Onfray admits that he would be "the happiest of men" if he could "reunite with [his] dead" for eternity. He explains that it is the question of grace, faith, and lack that troubles him more than the historicity of Jesus himself.

00:00 Introduction
0:10 Presentation of Michel Onfray's thesis
2:06 The development of a line of thought
4:53 The historian Bruno Bauer and the sources of myths
7:55 Approaching the book: a biographical and allegorical rereading
10:59 Brother Joël Boudaroua's response
14:15 The myth of non-existence challenged by science
16:44 The critique of historical sources
22:40 Contradictions in the Gospels
23:44 "Gaps" and "additions" in the texts
28:48 The historicity of Jesus and the edifice of faith
32:00 Miracles, codes of Antiquity
39:59 The body of Jesus, an "antibody"
41:10 The sources of the evangelists
46:28 The case of Joseph
52:44 The question of faith and the Convictions
56:32 Grace, Damnation, and Conversion
58:35 The Birth of Belief
1:01:28 Conclusion and Acknowledgments

Music: © Mollat
Subtitles automatically generated in French by YouTube.

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