Wobble Pairing: When Codons and Anticodons Break the Rules!
your other biology professor
7,186 views
Are you asking yourself, "how does base-pairing wobble during translation?" I got you! "Wobble" is all about how the codon-anticodon pairing rules get extra-flexible at one particular base. This allows for an anticodon to bind with multiple codons for the same amino acid, so the cell doesn't have to make as many different types of tRNAs.
At the wobble site, we can have...
1. Normal base-pairing (A-U, G-C)
2. G-U pairing
3. Inosine in the anticodon pairing with A, C, or U in the codon
00:00 Intro
00:25 Codon table
01:36 Stop codons bind release factors, not anticodons!
01:59 Why don't we need 61 different types of tRNAs for 61 different codons?
03:02 Redundancy of the genetic code; synonymous codons
05:15 The wobble position
06:21 Expanded base-pairing rules at the wobble position
08:07 Inosine in the anticodon pairs with A, C, or U in the codon
09:54 Codon usage bias
11:04 Some anticodons aren't produced
14:07 Review
#wobble #translation #inosine #codon #anticodon
NOTES
You'll often see the word "degenerate" used to describe how a single amino acid can be encoded by more than one codon - same idea as "redundant" here. :)
"Inosine" is actually the name of the nucleoside that contains our modified base AND a pentose sugar (like how an adenine base and a pentose sugar = the nucleoside "adenosine"). The name of the base in inosine is "hypoxanthine," but unless your class has a heavy biochemistry component, you're not likely to find this referred to as anything but inosine in the context of wobble.
Connect with me!
Website: http://www.yourotherbioprof.com
Instagram: instagram.com/yourotherbioprof
References
Codon usage bias data found at: genscript.com/tools/codon-frequency-table
19 Comments
I have a proctored exam due by 11:59 pm over 5 chapters, so I’ll probably fail it (the timing + no notes is brutal), but I’m not giving up, I currently have a high B (last exam I did horrible on). This online community college class jumps from ecosystems to biochemistry so fast and all in the same "unit". Add in no videos for this class and silent powerpoint slides, it seemed unmanageable until I stumbled on your channel.
I’m a single mom with a special-needs daughter who’s partially paralyzed from the waist down, and both of my kids have ultra-rare genetic mutations (POT1 & NLRP3), so understanding this stuff matters to me. Thank you for explaining it in a way my brain can actually understand. ❤
I didn't understand this at all during class ,but you made it so much easier...
And your handwriting is beautiful😍
Wobble Pairing: When Codons and Anticodons Break the Rules!
your other biology professor
7,186 views
Are you asking yourself, "how does base-pairing wobble during translation?" I got you! "Wobble" is all about how the codon-anticodon pairing rules get extra-flexible at one particular base. This allows for an anticodon to bind with multiple codons for the same amino acid, so the cell doesn't have to make as many different types of tRNAs.
At the wobble site, we can have...
1. Normal base-pairing (A-U, G-C)
2. G-U pairing
3. Inosine in the anticodon pairing with A, C, or U in the codon
00:00 Intro
00:25 Codon table
01:36 Stop codons bind release factors, not anticodons!
01:59 Why don't we need 61 different types of tRNAs for 61 different codons?
03:02 Redundancy of the genetic code; synonymous codons
05:15 The wobble position
06:21 Expanded base-pairing rules at the wobble position
08:07 Inosine in the anticodon pairs with A, C, or U in the codon
09:54 Codon usage bias
11:04 Some anticodons aren't produced
14:07 Review
#wobble #translation #inosine #codon #anticodon
NOTES
You'll often see the word "degenerate" used to describe how a single amino acid can be encoded by more than one codon - same idea as "redundant" here. :)
"Inosine" is actually the name of the nucleoside that contains our modified base AND a pentose sugar (like how an adenine base and a pentose sugar = the nucleoside "adenosine"). The name of the base in inosine is "hypoxanthine," but unless your class has a heavy biochemistry component, you're not likely to find this referred to as anything but inosine in the context of wobble.
Connect with me!
Website: http://www.yourotherbioprof.com
Instagram: instagram.com/yourotherbioprof
References
Codon usage bias data found at: genscript.com/tools/codon-frequency-table