12 Buffalo Hunter Survival Skills That Shocked European Settlers

Wild West Focus

Wild West Focus

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In the summer of eighteen thirty-two, a Pennsylvania lawyer named George Catlin rode out onto the northern plains with a hunting party and watched a single Comanche rider bring down a two-thousand-pound bull buffalo at full gallop with one arrow. He tried to sketch what he had seen. He could not. He wrote later that his hand did not know what his eye had received.

That was one skill. There were eleven more.

This is the story of twelve pieces of hard, practical knowledge the Plains buffalo hunters had refined over thousands of years. Twelve skills that European travelers, when they finally encountered them, either could not believe or could not learn. From the wolf-skin stalk to the pemmican that stayed edible for decades, from brain-tanned hides that outlasted anything a European tanner could produce to a shelter engineered like a modern double-wall thermal system three thousand years before the theory was written down.

Most of the world let this knowledge go without ever quite understanding what was being let go of. What follows is a walk through what those hunters knew, what they could do, and why, close to two centuries later, some of it still cannot be entirely explained.
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📚 HISTORICAL SOURCES AND FURTHER READING
George Catlin, Letters and Notes on the Manners, Customs, and Condition of the North American Indians (published eighteen forty-one, based on travels eighteen thirty to eighteen thirty-six). The founding eyewitness account. Original paintings held at the Smithsonian American Art Museum, all public domain.
Randolph B. Marcy, The Prairie Traveler: A Handbook for Overland Expeditions (published eighteen fifty-nine). Marcy was a US Army captain who mapped much of the western territory through the eighteen fifties.
Josiah Gregg, Commerce of the Prairies (published eighteen forty-four). Gregg spent nine years trading along the Santa Fe Trail through the eighteen thirties and eighteen forties.
Francis Parkman, The Oregon Trail (published eighteen forty-nine). Parkman traveled with an Ogallala Sioux band in the summer of eighteen forty-six.
Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied, Travels in the Interior of North America (published in German eighteen thirty-nine through eighteen forty-one). German naturalist who traveled up the Missouri River in eighteen thirty-three and eighteen thirty-four.
Pierre-Jean De Smet, Letters and Sketches: With a Narrative of a Year's Residence Among the Indian Tribes of the Rocky Mountains (published eighteen forty-three). Belgian Jesuit missionary who traveled the northern plains through the eighteen forties and eighteen fifties.
Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump, UNESCO World Heritage Site, Alberta. Continuous use documented for close to six thousand years. Interpretive research through the Royal Alberta Museum.
Hudson's Bay Company Archives, Winnipeg. Pemmican shipping and provisioning records, eighteen forties.
Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian collections and research on Plains material culture, hide preparation, and tipi construction.
Andrew C. Isenberg, The Destruction of the Bison (Cambridge University Press, two thousand).
Dan Flores, American Serengeti: The Last Big Animals of the Great Plains (University Press of Kansas, two thousand sixteen).
Pekka Hämäläinen, The Comanche Empire (Yale University Press, two thousand eight).