Regarding Brazil 🇧🇷: one small correction and then some curiosities: the Brazil nut and the Brazilwood are not the same trees. Brazil has got its name from the Brazil wood, a very dark red wood (from brasa, meaning ember in Portuguese). Brazil nut is an exonym, we call it castanha-do-Pará, meaning nut from Pará (a state in Brazil).
Now the curiosity for those who like etymology: the Portuguese word for Brazilian is brasileiro. This suffix -eiro is equivalent to English-er in barber, engineer, and to Spanish -ero and Italian -iero, and it’s a suffix mostly used for jobs and professions. The first Brazilians (brasileiros) were not people born in Brazil, but people that worked with Brazil wood.
Some archaic words used for Brazilians were brasílico and brasiliense.

"It's a little bit nerdy but..."
"Why do you think people are here??"
I love these two! 😆

The coincidence of Austria and Australia having names that are so similar and are both named for a direction, but that it's not the same direction is one of my favourite odd etymological facts.

Why was the UN worried when a waiter dropped a tray?  Because it meant the fall of Turkey, the scattering of Greece, and the breaking up of China.  I’ll show myself out now.

35:00 the Spanish word for gypsy is "gitano" that comes from an earlier "egiptano" meaning Egyptian. It supposedly appeared in the 15 century, because the gypsies that migrated to Spain said they came from Egypt.

To answer Rob's question about why US states are called states. The short answer is that they were literal independent states when they joined the US. Even though US states can't leave the union, they exist in a limbo between being a "province"(as Rob put it) and a sovereign state. So the term "state" is actually at least partially accurate.

My homecountry, Uruguay (República Oriental del Uruguay), was named after the river Uruguay ("republic to the East of the river Uruguay) and "uruguay", in the native Guaraní language, means "river of the painted birds". ❤

Wrong Saxony Rob, the relevant Saxony was Lower Saxony which at the time we are talking about was further west nearer the Netherlands and Denmark alongside the Jutes and Angles.

Our joke in Canada about the way our name was selected "first you take a C, eh? Then you take an N, eh. Then you use a D, eh?"

28:00 Deutsch is cognate with Teutons and the Italian word for Germans "tedeschi" but apparently the "te-" part was at some point mistaken for an article and dropped. Alemanni is the tribe that lived in Southwestern Germany (+Alsace and parts of Switzerland). Almanya or similar is used by a lot of Turkic languages. Finns and Estonians call it Saksa and Saksamaa. My favorite part about the root "nemets" is that it was borrowed by Hungarian which is much further removed from Germanic and Slavic languages than they are to each other

Small fun fact about Saxony:
The lands now known as Saxony have absolutely nothing to do with where the Saxons actually lived. The title "Duke of Saxony' ( Herzog von Sachsen ) simply moved Southeast until it had reached the Margrave of Meißen, who was bestowed with said title.
The actual Saxons (those who stayed in the Continent, anyway) actually lived in Northwestern Germany.

No no no, Rob! When Erik the Red came to Greenland in 982, he settled in some deep fjords in south-west. Here they found birch 'forests' and willow as well. The summer temperature could reach about 20°C - as today.  And there was food enough for cows and sheeps (today there are lots of sheep farms around Narsaq and Qaqortoq ... I know because I lived in the aerea for 8 years 😎
The northern part of Iceland where Erik came from was and still is barren, cold and 'hostile'!
So Greenland was indeed greener and warmer.

11:39
"looking for different rulers to stab"
Different Brutus

I always thought "Deutsch" and "Dutch" derives from  the Teutones, a Germanic tribe that gave the Roman Republic a serious headache around 113–101 BC.

Rob and Jess are so enthusiastic in their work. I am now binge watching the past episodes. Thank you very much you have made an old man very happy.

Jess could recite the entire song of country names in a short video.

The most mindblowing part is that Austria and Australia are ACTUALLY THE SAME WORD.
Protoindoeuropean word for dawn (or anything bright, really), "hewsteros" was transformed in latin into "auster", meaning south, probably because sun travels on the southern part of the sky for PIE speakers (also aurora and aurum=gold, as it gleams). This leads to austrum→australis, and Australia being the southern land.
Meanwhile, the same word for dawn was associated with the east instead, leading to "Österreich", eastern realm.

Thus... Australia and Austria are both "Land of the dawn" - one through latin, one through protogermanic. And "aurora australis" is just "dawny dawn".

7:00 Not forgetting that the Scots term for English people is Sassenachs, surely from the same root.

1-Germany is called Tyskland in Scandinavia.

2-Britannica is what The Phoenicians called the area from where they brought tinn.
Brrtanac in Phoenician means "the land of tinn".

Not sure about what you guys said about alchemy. Alchemy is originally a Persian word, arabized by the article "Al", equivalent of "the". Chemy comes from Kimia, in Persian, which was the word for elixir. Chemistry was initially the field people tried to find elixir. But over the time, they ended up finding things about chemical properties of substances and so on.