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https://open.spotify.com/show/033FF4Y...

What does it really mean to say that one thing caused another?

This video explores the long and fascinating story of causality — from Aristotle, Hume, and Kant to John Snow, Ronald Fisher, Bradford Hill, Judea Pearl, and Donald Rubin. We look at why correlation doesn’t automatically mean causation, how randomized experiments and counterfactuals help us uncover cause and effect, and how modern causal inference is changing science, medicine, statistics, and artificial intelligence.

Along the way, we explore causal diagrams, the do-operator, potential outcomes, confounding, and the simple question behind it all: why do things happen?

Resources:

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy — Causal Models
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ca...

Austin Bradford Hill — The Environment and Disease: Association or Causation?
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles...

CDC — Principles of Epidemiology
https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/c...

Judea Pearl — Causality, UCLA
https://bayes.cs.ucla.edu/BOOK-2K/