The Witches of Zugarramurdi, the Complete Story: The Coven, the Auto-da-fé in Logroño in 1610, and Why the Spanish Inquisition Didn't Burn Thousands.

If you ask how many witches the Spanish Inquisition burned, many people will say thousands. In the largest witchcraft trial in Spanish history, the Zugarramurdi trial, eleven people burned: six in person and five in effigy, seven women and four men, almost all for refusing to confess to something they hadn't done. And from that same Logroño tribunal came the inquisitor who demanded proof and managed to get the Holy Office to stop believing in covens. This account is based on the records studied by Gustav Henningsen and the report printed in Logroño in 1611.

It contains everything: María de Ximildegui, who returned from Ciboure with names; María de Jureteguía's fainting spell; the people who confessed in church and received forgiveness; The letter from the Abbot of Urdax; the inquisitors Becerra, Valle, and Alonso de Salazar Frías; Friar Pedro de Arburu and his diabolical double; Pierre de Lancre and the Labourd witch hunt; the billy goat, the dressed toads, and the toad-herding children; the Zugarramurdi cave, which does not appear in the trial, and the Berroscoberro meadow; aker and larre, the word "aquelarre" (witches' sabbath) and the sorginak (witches); the vote of eight against one and Juan de Lamben's alibi; the auto-da-fé of 1610 and María de Zozaya; the preachers and the epidemic of child witches; the Bishop of Pamplona; Salazar's visit, the 22 jars of ointment, and Saint John's Eve in Santesteban; the Instructions of 1614; Catalonia and Pancorvo; the myth of the nine million witches; Stanley Cohen's moral panic and the McMartin case.

❓ QUESTIONS THIS VIDEO ANSWERS
• What happened to the witches of Zugarramurdi?

• How many witches did the Spanish Inquisition burn?

• Were witches' sabbaths held in the Zugarramurdi cave?

⏱️ CHAPTERS
0:00 The Bonfires of Logroño
1:26 A Border Town
2:00 The Girl Who Returned from France
3:32 A Town That Forgave Itself
4:29 Confessing Saved, Denying Killed
6:45 What They Said About the Witches' Sabbath
7:24 There's No Cave in the Papers
8:35 Eight Votes Against One
9:38 The Auto-da-fé of Logroño
12:19 Preachers and Child Witches
13:05 Salazar's Visit
15:45 1614: The End of the Bonfires
16:40 Neither Thousands Nor Nine Million
18:14 Why This Story Lives On
19:48 Zugarramurdi Today

📚 SOURCES

The Trial
· Gustav Henningsen, "The Witches' Advocate." Basque Witchcraft and the Spanish Inquisition,” Alianza, 2010: https://openlibrary.org/isbn/97884206...
· Juan de Mongastón, “Account of the People Who Appeared at the Auto de la Fe,” Logroño, 1611 (transcription): https://www.vallenajerilla.com/berceo...
· Eva Lara Alberola, “The Pamphlet of Don Juan de Mongastón…,” RILCE 33.1, 2017: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/a...

The Place
· Zugarramurdi Cave (Zugarramurdi Tourism): https://www.turismozugarramurdi.com/c...

European Figures
· Brian P. Levack, “The Witch-Hunt in Early Modern Europe,” 3rd ed., 2006: https://openlibrary.org/isbn/97805824...
• David Luebke, “The Nine Million Myth,” University of Oregon: https://pages.uoregon.edu/dluebke/Wit...

Moral Panic
• Stanley Cohen, “Folk Devils and Moral Panics,” 1972 (3rd ed., 2002): https://openlibrary.org/isbn/97804152...

🌿 THE FIRST WITCH IN LITERATURE
The first witch in history lived alone on an island full of lions: Circe la primera bruja de la historia viví...

📝 The complete story in writing, with all sources: https://mitosymas.com/la-fascinante-l...
🔗 Blog: https://www.mitosymas.com/
🎧 Audio (podcast): https://share.transistor.fm/s/0d735eb8

#brujasdezugarramurdi #inquisicion #aquelarre #historiadeespaña