Franz Stangl, a commissioner in the Austrian criminal police and an SS officer, served as the organizational head of the Hartheim concentration camp between 1940 and 1941, and later as commandant of the Sobibor and Treblinka camps as part of Aktion Reinhardt, the program that caused the deaths of approximately 1.7 million people in occupied Poland. After the German surrender in May 1945, he was arrested by American forces and imprisoned in the Glasenbach internment camp near Salzburg. In May 1948, upon receiving the indictment for the crimes committed at Hartheim, he escaped from Linz prison and began a journey that took him across the Alps into Italy.
In Rome, the Austrian bishop Alois Hudal, rector of the German national church Santa Maria dell'Anima, facilitated his documentation as a stateless person through the assistance network linked to the Pontifical Commission for Assistance and the International Red Cross. With these documents, Stangl traveled to Syria in 1948 and later to Brazil in 1951, where he settled in São Bernardo do Campo under his real name, eventually working as a mechanic for Volkswagen do Brasil.
In 1964, investigator Simon Wiesenthal obtained information about his whereabouts through two independent sources. After years of diplomatic efforts between Austria, West Germany, and Brazil, Stangl was arrested in São Paulo on February 28, 1967, and extradited to West Germany. On October 22, 1970, the Düsseldorf court sentenced him to life imprisonment for his role in the deaths of 900,000 people at Treblinka. He died in prison in June 1971.
Franz Stangl, a commissioner in the Austrian criminal police and an SS officer, served as the organizational head of the Hartheim concentration camp between 1940 and 1941, and later as commandant of the Sobibor and Treblinka camps as part of Aktion Reinhardt, the program that caused the deaths of approximately 1.7 million people in occupied Poland. After the German surrender in May 1945, he was arrested by American forces and imprisoned in the Glasenbach internment camp near Salzburg. In May 1948, upon receiving the indictment for the crimes committed at Hartheim, he escaped from Linz prison and began a journey that took him across the Alps into Italy.
In Rome, the Austrian bishop Alois Hudal, rector of the German national church Santa Maria dell'Anima, facilitated his documentation as a stateless person through the assistance network linked to the Pontifical Commission for Assistance and the International Red Cross. With these documents, Stangl traveled to Syria in 1948 and later to Brazil in 1951, where he settled in São Bernardo do Campo under his real name, eventually working as a mechanic for Volkswagen do Brasil.
In 1964, investigator Simon Wiesenthal obtained information about his whereabouts through two independent sources. After years of diplomatic efforts between Austria, West Germany, and Brazil, Stangl was arrested in São Paulo on February 28, 1967, and extradited to West Germany. On October 22, 1970, the Düsseldorf court sentenced him to life imprisonment for his role in the deaths of 900,000 people at Treblinka. He died in prison in June 1971.