【ハル・サフリエニの地下墳墓】地下に眠る7000人 なぜ岩をくりぬいた3つの階に運ばれたのか
世界遺産ミステリー
256 views
Malta, an island nation in the Mediterranean. Right under a street of houses in Paola, near the capital Valletta, lies the Hal Saflieni Hypogeum. Used from around 4000 to 2500 BC, it is an underground burial place on three levels, cut from soft limestone without metal tools. Builders digging a water tank broke through its ceiling in 1902, and the remains of some 7,000 people are estimated to have rested inside. It became a World Heritage Site in 1980.
How did the bones of 7,000 people come to rest here? Why carve the shapes of temples above ground, deep underground? What happened in the room where voices echo? Three mysteries, traced through sources and research.
The thread running through this episode is one question: why did people carry their dead underground? Where sources disagree or rely on scholars' interpretations, such as the number of bones, whether the echo was designed, what the Sleeping Lady means, and why the temple culture ended, we say so.
0:00 A water tank, and the bones of 7,000 people
0:23 What the Hal Saflieni Hypogeum is
1:13 Three mysteries
1:39 Mystery 1 How did the bones of 7,000 people come to rest here?
4:15 Mystery 2 Why carve the shapes of temples underground?
6:34 Mystery 3 What happened in the room where voices echo?
8:57 What the Sleeping Lady tells us
11:34 Next time
【参考文献・出典】
・UNESCO World Heritage Centre「Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum」(1980年登録、基準(iii))
・Heritage Malta によるハル・サフリエニの地下墳墓の解説(見学制限 1日80人、2016〜2017年の改修)
・T. Zammit による発掘報告(1910年〜)と、M. Magri の発掘(1903〜1906年)に関する研究、約7000人という見積もり
・C. Malone, S. Stoddart ほか、ゴゾ島シャーラの環状列石の地下墓の発掘(1987〜1994年、22万点超の骨片・少なくとも800人)
・W. A. Griffiths, National Geographic Magazine(1920年)のお告げの部屋の記述
・P. Debertolis, F. Coimbra, L. Eneix ほかの音響調査(114Hz・70Hz前後の共鳴)、I. Cook ほか(2008年)の脳波の予備研究、D. Trump の慎重な見解
・眠る女性の像(国立考古学博物館、バレッタ)の解釈に関する研究(死の眠り・夢でお告げを受ける儀式・大地の母)
・Wikipedia「Hypogeum of Ħal Saflieni」「Sleeping Lady of Ħal Saflieni」「Megalithic Temples of Malta」ほか
【素材出典】
・写真: Wikimedia Commons(Public Domain / CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA)。各ファイルの作者とライセンスは制作記録に記載
・図解・地図・年表: 当チャンネル制作
#WorldHeritage #Hypogeum #Malta
【ハル・サフリエニの地下墳墓】地下に眠る7000人 なぜ岩をくりぬいた3つの階に運ばれたのか
世界遺産ミステリー
256 views
Malta, an island nation in the Mediterranean. Right under a street of houses in Paola, near the capital Valletta, lies the Hal Saflieni Hypogeum. Used from around 4000 to 2500 BC, it is an underground burial place on three levels, cut from soft limestone without metal tools. Builders digging a water tank broke through its ceiling in 1902, and the remains of some 7,000 people are estimated to have rested inside. It became a World Heritage Site in 1980.
How did the bones of 7,000 people come to rest here? Why carve the shapes of temples above ground, deep underground? What happened in the room where voices echo? Three mysteries, traced through sources and research.
The thread running through this episode is one question: why did people carry their dead underground? Where sources disagree or rely on scholars' interpretations, such as the number of bones, whether the echo was designed, what the Sleeping Lady means, and why the temple culture ended, we say so.
0:00 A water tank, and the bones of 7,000 people
0:23 What the Hal Saflieni Hypogeum is
1:13 Three mysteries
1:39 Mystery 1 How did the bones of 7,000 people come to rest here?
4:15 Mystery 2 Why carve the shapes of temples underground?
6:34 Mystery 3 What happened in the room where voices echo?
8:57 What the Sleeping Lady tells us
11:34 Next time
【参考文献・出典】
・UNESCO World Heritage Centre「Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum」(1980年登録、基準(iii))
・Heritage Malta によるハル・サフリエニの地下墳墓の解説(見学制限 1日80人、2016〜2017年の改修)
・T. Zammit による発掘報告(1910年〜)と、M. Magri の発掘(1903〜1906年)に関する研究、約7000人という見積もり
・C. Malone, S. Stoddart ほか、ゴゾ島シャーラの環状列石の地下墓の発掘(1987〜1994年、22万点超の骨片・少なくとも800人)
・W. A. Griffiths, National Geographic Magazine(1920年)のお告げの部屋の記述
・P. Debertolis, F. Coimbra, L. Eneix ほかの音響調査(114Hz・70Hz前後の共鳴)、I. Cook ほか(2008年)の脳波の予備研究、D. Trump の慎重な見解
・眠る女性の像(国立考古学博物館、バレッタ)の解釈に関する研究(死の眠り・夢でお告げを受ける儀式・大地の母)
・Wikipedia「Hypogeum of Ħal Saflieni」「Sleeping Lady of Ħal Saflieni」「Megalithic Temples of Malta」ほか
【素材出典】
・写真: Wikimedia Commons(Public Domain / CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA)。各ファイルの作者とライセンスは制作記録に記載
・図解・地図・年表: 当チャンネル制作
#WorldHeritage #Hypogeum #Malta